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Real-world outcomes of nivolumab treatment for gastric cancer and associated prognostic factors remain unclear; the present study aimed to evaluate both items.<br /><br /> A total of 278 consecutive patients treated with nivolumab for gastric cancer during 2017-2019 were enrolled in this multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. The impact of laboratory findings, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and clinicopathological factors on long-term survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.<br /><br /> The response rate was 11.7% in patients with measurable lesions. The overall and progression-free survival estimates were 6.77 and 2.53months, respectively. The incidence of irAEs was 30.6% (6.8% for grade ≥3). There were no treatment-related deaths. Multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein level of ≤0.5mg/dL (hazard ratio=0.476, <br /><br /> &lt;.001), irAE occurrence (hazard ratio=0.544, <br /><br /> &lt;.001), albumin level of &gt;3.5g/dL (hazard ratio=0.688, <br /><br /> =.045), performance status 0 (hazard ratio=0.711s.<br /><br /> Pancreas compression during minimally invasive gastrectomy causes blunt injury to the pancreas and leads to postoperative complications. However, the extent of practical compression associated with the incidence of postoperative complications remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pancreas compression, particularly the duration of compression, on short-term outcomes in minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer.<br /><br /> This study included 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy at the Shizuoka Cancer Center in 2018. The total time of pancreas compression during gastrectomy was measured using video-reviews, and the correlation between the time and surgical outcomes was evaluated.<br /><br /> A duration of 3min was selected as the cutoff value of pancreas compression time to predict high drain amylase concentration on postoperative day 1 (≥1000U/L). The incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (1.5% vs 12.4%, <br /><br /> =.011) and all postoperative complications (12.3% vs 30.1%, <br /><br /> =.010) were significantly higher in the longer-compression group than in the shorter-compression group. The multivariable analysis identified longer compression as the only independent risk factor for postoperative complications.<br /><br /> More than a few minutes of pancreas compression during minimally invasive gastrectomy was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications.<br /><br />More than a few minutes of pancreas compression during minimally invasive gastrectomy was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications.<br /><br /> Post-surgical weight loss influences chemotherapy compliance and may be a risk factor for survival. Intake of an oral elemental nutritional supplement (OENS) can reduce weight loss after gastric cancer (GC) surgery. We assessed whether therapy completion levels would increase in patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with an OENS.<br /><br /> This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study in GC patients who underwent curative total or distal gastrectomy (TG/DG) and received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the S-1 completion rate for 1 year with a relative performance (RP) value of ≥70%; secondary endpoints included factors affecting the completion rate of S-1, RP value after eight S-1 courses, S-1 and OENS persistence rates, nutritional index, OENS compliance, and safety.<br /><br /> In 71 efficacy-evaluable patients, the S-1 completion rate was 69.0% (TG, 68.0%; DG, 69.6%) and the RP value was 87.5 (TG, 89.1; DG, 87.5). Over eight treatment courses, median persistence rates were 89.0% for S-1 and 93.8% for the OENS. The mean OENS compliance was 81.8% at the fourth S-1 course and 52.9% at the eighth course. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 27.2%, most commonly neutropenia (12.3%).<br /><br /> The completion rate of S-1 for 1year in patients who could take the OENS exceeded the pre-defined threshold level. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the role of OENS in adjuvant chemotherapy.<br /><br />The completion rate of S-1 for 1 year in patients who could take the OENS exceeded the pre-defined threshold level. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the role of OENS in adjuvant chemotherapy.<br /><br /> To treat upper third gastric cancer, proximal gastrectomy (PG), a function-preserving procedure, is recommended for early lesions when at least half the distal stomach can be preserved, while total gastrectomy (TG) is standard for locally advanced lesions. Oncological feasibility, when applying PG for such lesions, remains unknown.<br /><br /> We reviewed patients undergoing TG for clinical (c) T2-T4 upper third gastric cancer between 2006 and 2015. Preoperative tumor locations were further classified into the cardia, fornix, and gastric body based on endoscopic findings. The metastatic rate and therapeutic value index for lymph node (LN) dissection were determined, and characteristics of patients with distal LN (No. 4d, 5, and 6) metastasis (DLNM) were reviewed. In addition, patients with pathological tumor invasion to the middle third (M) region were investigated.<br /><br /> We studied 167 patients. There were 8 (4.8%) with DLNM and 41 (24.6%) with pathological tumor invasion to the M region. As to regional stations, therapeutic indices for LN dissection at stations No. 4d, 5, 6, and 12a were zero or extremely low. No DLNM was detected in cT2 lesions or cT3/T4 lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix. In addition, none of the lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix by preoperative endoscopy extended to the M region in the pathological specimen.<br /><br /> For upper third gastric cancer, PG without No. 12a dissection might be acceptable for cT2-T4 lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix when considering the risk of DLNM and cancer-positivity in the distal stump.<br /><br />For upper third gastric cancer, PG without No. 12a dissection might be acceptable for cT2-T4 lesions located within the cardia and/or the fornix when considering the risk of DLNM and cancer-positivity in the distal stump.<br /><br /> Osteoporosis in patients after gastrectomy is increasing with the aging of gastric cancer patients. Bisphosphonates are effective treatments for osteoporosis; however, their safety or efficacy in postgastrectomy patients has not been established. The purpose of this multicenter prospective intervention study was to investigate the impact of monthly minodronate on osteoporosis after gastrectomy.<br /><br /> Of the 261 enrolled gastric cancer patients, 164 patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis based on criteria of the Japan Society of Osteoporosis. They were randomly assigned 11 to groups treated with active vitamin D (VD group) or monthly minodronate (MIN group). The primary endpoint was changes in lumbar bone mineral density (L-BMD) 12mo after the start of administration. The secondary endpoints were changes in bone metabolism markers, adverse events (AEs), or treatment completion rates.<br /><br /> There was no significant difference in patient background between the VD (n=82) and MIN (n=82) groups. In the MIN group, the increase in L-BMD was significantly higher than that in the VD group (4.52% vs 1.72%, <br /><br /> =.001), with a significant reduction in bone metabolism markers; blood NTX (-25.6% vs -1.6%, <br /><br /> &lt;.01) and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (-34.3% vs -20.1%, <br /><br /> &lt;.01). AEs were observed in 26.8% and 9.3% of the patients and treatment completion rates were 77.5% and 89.3% in the MIN and VD groups, respectively. Serious AEs were not observed in either group.<br /><br /> This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of monthly minodronate, suggesting that this treatment may be useful for osteoporosis after gastrectomy (UMIN000015517).<br /><br />This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of monthly minodronate, suggesting that this treatment may be useful for osteoporosis after gastrectomy (UMIN000015517).We reviewed surgical and alternative treatments for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer, focusing on recent reports. The standard treatment for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer is pulmonary resection, if resectable, despite the fact that the metastasis is hematogenous to distant organs. Guidelines in several countries, including Japan, have described pulmonary resection as a useful option because of the favorable long-term prognosis reported in various studies pertaining to pulmonary resection. The indications for pulmonary resection have been reviewed in several studies; additionally, the number of metastases, pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen value, and disease-free interval from the primary resection to pulmonary recurrence have been proposed. However, no consensus has been reached to date. Contrastingly, recent advances in chemotherapy have remarkably improved the outcome of distant metastases, indicating that it is time to reconsider the significance of local treatment, including pulmonary resection. In addition to surgical resection, minimally invasive therapies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and radiofrequency ablation have been developed as local treatments for pulmonary metastases, and their long-term results have been reported. Prospective controlled trials and large-scale data analyses are needed to determine the best local treatment for pulmonary metastases and to find the appropriate indication for each treatment.Pancreatic cancer surgery continues to be associated with a high operative morbidity rate, poor long-term survival outcomes, and various challenges in obtaining high-level evidence. Not only is the early postoperative morbidity rate high, but also late morbidity involves lifelong nutritional support for long-term survivors. Due to poor survival outcomes even after curative surgery, pancreatic surgeons have doubts about the role of surgery as the definitive treatment for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, conducting clinical trials to obtain high-level evidence in the field of pancreatic surgery is difficult, and the results have only had a moderate impact on clinical practice due to skepticism regarding their quality. Therefore, quality evidence regarding the extent of resection, mode of approach to dissection, reconstruction methods for pancreatico-enteric anastomosis, determination of resectability, timing of surgery, and the definition of the resection margin is lacking. However, numerous innovative pancreatic surgical procedures have been developed, which may aptly have been called "art" when they were first introduced, regardless of whether they subsequently were supported by scientific evidence. In this review, we provide recent examples of the integration of art and science in the field of pancreatic surgery, which illustrate how the creative ideas of pancreatic surgeons evolved into generally accepted clinical practice. Pancreatic surgeons should be considered "surgical artists," "surgical scientists," and "surgical practitioners." We look forward to more "surgical artists" educating future "surgical artists and scientists" to create a richer "spirit of innovation," leading to a more beautiful integration of art and science in the field of pancreatic surgery.Western and Eastern practices have traditionally differed in their approach to treating lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html] While Western clinicians have primarily favored neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy to sterilize lateral compartments, Eastern physicians have often opted for the surgical removed of lymphatic tissue with a lateral lymph node dissection without neoadjuvant treatment. The literature suggests similar oncological outcomes for these two separate techniques, while tangible differences exist. The combination of these paradigms may be beneficial in reducing overall morbidity while sustaining low recurrence rates. This article considers traditional Eastern and Western perspectives, discusses nodal features important for predicting malignancy and attempts to stimulate international, multidisciplinary consensus and collaboration.