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Middle socioeconomic status had 1.8 (95%CI 1.02-3.24) higher odds of induced abortion compared with low socioeconomic status. Urban or rural residence, indigenous identification, age of sexual debut, contraceptive use on sexual debut, adolescent pregnancy, religious and political identification did not correlate with induced abortion rates. CONCLUSIONS In Chile, where induced abortion is legally restricted, a social gradient was found in the chance of having had an induced abortion by SES were adolescent and young women with higher socioeconomic advantage reported more induced abortions compared to low socioeconomic status women. BACKGROUND True hermaphroditism is characterized by the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue. This case report aimed to describe a case of ovotestis in adolescents. CASE A 17-year-old patient presented with undifferentiated genitalia. Thelarche occurred at age 14, menarche occurred at age 15, and menstruation was regular. Physical examination showed female phenotype, Tanner IV breasts, gynecoid hair, enlarged clitoris, and labia majora symphysis with a single orifice. The patient presented high levels of total testosterone. The left gonad contained typical ovarian tissue and the right gonad contained both seminiferous tubules and ovarian tissue (ovotestis). Vaginoscopy revealed a single orifice (urethra and vagina). Right gonadectomy confirmed the presence of ovotestis. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Knowledge of true hermaphroditism is important for early diagnosis and proper management. Use of prone positioning during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with the Toronto protocol reduced pulmonary edema in marginal human donor lungs. We report two cases in which prone positioning during EVLP significantly reduced lung weight. One of the two cases resulted in successful double lung transplant. A wide variety of benign and malignant tumors develop in the chest wall and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Chest wall schwannomas of the intercostal nerve are rare. We describe the clinical and imaging findings of a patient who presented with persistent and progressive chest pain. The intercostal tumor was treated using wide excision with chest wall reconstruction and titanium plate fixation. Schwannoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination. Thus, we present a rare case of refractory chest pain and describe the methods involved in the challenging diagnosis. BACKGROUND Less invasive techniques for Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation have been increasingly prevalent over the last years and have been associated with improved clinical outcomes. The procedural economic impact of these techniques remains unknown. We sought to study and report economic outcomes associated with the thoracotomy implantation approach. METHODS LATERAL is the first clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the thoracotomy approach for implantation of the HeartWare centrifugal-flow ventricular assist device system (HVAD). UB-04 forms were collected in parallel to the trial, allowing analysis of index hospitalization costs. All charges were converted to costs using hospital specific cost-to-charge ratios and were subsequently compared to Medicare cost data for the same period (2015-2016). Since thoracotomy implants were off-label for all LVADs during that period, the Medicare cohort was assumed to predominately consist of traditional sternotomy patients. RESULTS Thoracotomy patients demonstrated decreased costs compared to sternotomy patients during the index hospitalization. Mean total index hospitalization costs for thoracotomy were $204,107 per patient, corresponding to 21.6% reduction (p less then 0.0001) and $56,385 savings per procedure when compared to sternotomy. Across almost all cost categories, thoracotomy implants were found less costly. CONCLUSIONS In LATERAL, the first clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the thoracotomy approach for HVAD, costs were found to be lower than the ones reported in Medicare patient claims occurring over the same period. Since Medicare data can be presumed to consist of predominately sternotomy procedures, Thoracotomy appears less expensive than traditional sternotomy. BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism is common, but the benefit of surgical embolectomy remains unclear. National trends in embolectomy were described to 2008. Recent data is lacking. We characterized the national trends in incidence, management, and outcomes of pulmonary embolisms, along with the population-level outcomes. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2982772.html GSK2982772 clinical trial] METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was queried by ICD-9 codes for pulmonary embolisms from 2011-2014. Saddle embolisms, shock, and interventions (systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and pulmonary embolectomy) were identified. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS 1,283,063 embolism records were identified, including 34,040 (2.6%) with saddle embolism and 31,057 (2.4%) with shock. 1,768 (0.14%) had saddle embolism with shock. Embolectomy and catheter-directed therapies were associated with reduced mortality in saddle embolism with shock (n=1,768, odds ratios 0.30 [95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.48] and 0.68 [0.49-0.96]). Systemic thrombolytics were not associated with a mortality difference (1.10 [0.87-1.38]). ECMO was associated with increased mortality (2.07 [1.09-3.92]). The number needed to treat for in-hospital mortality of saddle embolisms with shock was 4.7 (95% CI 3.9-6.9). CONCLUSIONS In this contemporary nationally representative sample, surgical embolectomy and catheter-directed therapies were associated reduced in-hospital mortality for saddle pulmonary embolism with shock, and systemic thrombolytics were not associated with a mortality difference. Conjoined twins are rare congenital malformations which are known to be associated with cardiac abnormalities. Management of transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum in this subgroup of patients is challenging, especially in the presence of multiple co-morbidities. Prevention of left ventricular involution until the patient is stable for an arterial switch operation is a real challenge. We report a case of early ductal stenting to keep the left ventricle well trained in a separated conjoined twin who eventually underwent an arterial switch operation.