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Moreover, syringin also reduced neuroinflammation of CI/R injury rats. Additionally, TLR4 was significantly upregulated in CI/R injury rats, which was suppressed by syringin. The activation of TLR4 reversed the neuroprotective effect of syringin in CI/R rats.<br /><br /> Syringin decreased the inflammation reaction and cerebral damage in CI/R injury rats. The neuroprotective effect of syringin may be correlated with the inhibition of TLR4.<br /><br />Syringin decreased the inflammation reaction and cerebral damage in CI/R injury rats. The neuroprotective effect of syringin may be correlated with the inhibition of TLR4.<br /><br /> A ranula is a mucus-filled salivary pseudocyst that forms in the floor of the mouth, commonly arising from the sublingual or submandibular salivary glands following obstruction or trauma. Complete excision of the injured gland and removal of the cyst content is the first-choice therapy, but has the potential for complications related to injury to nearby structures. As such, minimally invasive approaches such as percutaneous sclerotherapy have been investigated. We aim to contribute to the literature by assessing the efficacy and safety of our technique through our experience with 18 patients over the last decade.<br /><br /> This retrospective study evaluated 18 patients with intraoral and plunging ranulas treated by percutaneous bleomycin ablation. The primary endpoint was the treatment result. Secondary endpoints included bleomycin dosage and complications.<br /><br /> The study evaluated 12 males and six females with a median age of 23.5 years (range 13-39 years). At a final follow-up of at least 2 months (6.5±5.5 months), four patients demonstrated complete response (22%) and 14 patients demonstrated residual presence, recurrence, or regrowth of the lesion (78%). There were no statistically significant associations between outcomes and history of prior treatment, number of treatments, and size or type of ranula. No complications were noted.<br /><br /> Our findings indicate that bleomycin, while safe for use in various head and neck malformations, is of limited utility in ranula therapy when the offending gland is not addressed primarily.<br /><br />Our findings indicate that bleomycin, while safe for use in various head and neck malformations, is of limited utility in ranula therapy when the offending gland is not addressed primarily.While considerable attention has been given to the health consequences of child marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), limited studies exist on its impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) in the region. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hs148.html find more] We address this gap by examining the link between child marriage and IPV. We tested our study hypothesis using demographic and health survey data of 28,206 young women aged 20-24 years from 16 SSA countries with recent surveys (2015-2019). Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of child marriage on IPV. Child marriage prevalence ranged from 13.5% in Rwanda, in East Africa, to 77% in Chad, in Central Africa, while IPV ranged from 17.5% in Mozambique in Southern Africa to 42% in Uganda, in East Africa. Past year experience of IPV was higher among young women who married or begun cohabiting before the age of 18 (36.9%) than those who did at age 18 or more (32.5%). This result was consistent for all forms of violence physical violence (22.7% vs 19.7%), emotional violence (25.3% vs 21.9%), and sexual violence (12% vs 10.4%). After controlling for covariates, we found that young women in SSA who married before 18 years were more likely to experience IPV than those who married as adults (AOR 1.20; 95% CI [1.12, 1.29]). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the country-level results, with a higher likelihood of IPV found in 14 of the 16 countries and lower in Angola and Chad. Child marriage is associated with a higher likelihood of IPV in most SSA countries, suggesting that ending child marriage will result in a substantial reduction in IPV. There is a need to institute policies to support and protect women who marry as children from abusive relationships in SSA.Bioplastics are developed to replace oil-derived plastics due to the high consumption of oil and related environmental impacts of oil-derived plastics. It was predicted that bioplastics can potentially replace 94% of conventional plastic production. With their increasing market share, more bioplastics will end in conventional post-consumer plastic waste streams. Although part of bioplastics is biodegradable and could be biologically decomposed, mechanical recycling achieves higher ecological benefits mainly because of its low pollution risk and the reduction in requirement for virgin feedstock. In this study, the classification of lightweight packaging waste with inflow of bioplastics, more specifically polylactic acid (PLA), was analysed with near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the influence of bioplastics on sorting processes of conventional plastics. Besides which, the sortability of PLA was determined through investigating the physical and the spectroscopic characteristics of both non-degraded and degraded PLA. The results show that the classification of all the materials was possible with a pixel-based accuracy of higher than 97.4% and PLA does not influence the sorting process of conventional plastics regarding detection and classification. Furthermore, the sorting of PLA from post-consumer waste is possible, which makes further recycling theoretically achievable.<br /><br /> Obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world, which is occurred by various factors. The purpose of this study is to explore the causes of obesity in the Kurdish regions of Iran with a qualitative approach.<br /><br /> A qualitative content analysis study was conducted in the Kurdish regions of Iran from June 2019 to November 2019. The data were collected by holding focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with 111 obese and thin men and women, and experts from different fields, who were selected through purposive sampling. Additionally, the data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis approach following the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The researchers used ATLAS.ti (Version 2019) software for data analysis and management. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to assess the quality of the research.<br /><br /> The results of the data analysis were classified into 5 categories and 16 sub-categories. The main categories included the modern lifestyle, sociocultural norms, indigenous culture of nutrition, lack of institutionalization of exercise, and low health literacy.