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61, and 103.64 ± 8.16 mg kg-1 for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Exposed workers have relatively less critical health implications concluded from the average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQs), and hazard index (HI) values. The HI values of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn were reported as 2.0 × 10-2, 4.64 × 10-4, 1.62 × 10-3, and 5.49 × 10-4, respectively, which have imparted minimal risks (as HI less then 1) to the health of the workers. The cancer risks of Pb, Cd, and Ni were reported as 1.46 × 10-10, 1.77 × 10-9, and 1.31 × 10-9, respectively lower than the threshold values. Therefore, the result divulged a potentially lower cancer risk compared to EPA limit value of 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4 for exposed industrial workers.<br /><br /> , <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> are traditionally used to treat urolithiasis in Ethiopia. However, there are limited reports on toxicity studies.<br /><br /> This study was intended to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of plants.<br /><br /> The crude extracts of <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> leaves, <br /><br /> aerial parts, <br /><br /> rhizomes, and <br /><br /> gel were prepared using 70 % ethanol. In acute toxicity, 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg were tested in a stepwise manner; whereas 2000 mg/kg administrated to female rats using gavage during sub-acute toxicity. On day 14 and 28, blood samples were collected from retro-orbital sinus; liver and kidneys of each animal were collected under anaesthesia. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett's comparison test of the Graph Pad Prism.<br /><br /> No mortality and significant weight loss for all extracts in both toxicity tests. In acute toxicity, <br /><br /> extract significantly reduced hemoglobin and platelets (P &lt; 0.01) compared with the control. Likewise, <br /><br /> (P &lt; 0.05) and <br /><br /> (P &lt; 0.01) extracts revealed significant reduction in platelet count. An exposure to <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> extracts reduced the concentrations of platelet distribution width and platelet larger cell ratio (p &lt; 0.05) during sub-acute toxicity test. The level of creatinine reduced due to <br /><br /> extract administrations(P &lt; 0.05). Liver histopathological examinations revealed focal periportal hepatitis following sub-acute toxicity test of <br /><br /> Histopathological studies of liver demonstrated that <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> extracts showed mild acute liver injury. <br /><br /> was not associated with any toxicity.<br /><br /> extract showed hematological, and histopathological toxicity profiles in rats. Furthermore, chronic toxicity studies of <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> extracts would be beneficial to ensure safety.<br /><br />C. murale extract showed hematological, and histopathological toxicity profiles in rats. Furthermore, chronic toxicity studies of A. aspera, S. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/beta-lapachone.html ARQ-501] punctata and R. abyssinicus extracts would be beneficial to ensure safety.It is estimated that greater than 1 million workers are exposed to welding fume (WF) by inhalation daily. The potentially toxic metals found in WF are known to cause multiple adverse pulmonary and systemic effects, including cardiovascular disease, and these metals have also been shown to translocate to the liver. This occupational exposure combined with a high fat (HF) Western diet, which has been shown to cause hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has the potential to cause significant mixed exposure metabolic changes in the liver. The goal of this study was to use matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) to analyze the spatial distribution and abundance changes of lipid species in Sprague Dawley rat liver maintained on a HF diet combined with WF inhalation. The results of the MALDI-IMS analysis revealed unique hepatic lipid profiles for each treatment group. The HF diet group had significantly increased abundance of triglycerides and phosphatidylinositol lipids, as well as decreased lysophosphatidic lipids and cardiolipin. Ceramide-1-phosphate was found at higher abundance in the regular (REG) diet WF-exposed group which has been shown to regulate the eicosanoid pathway involved in pro-inflammatory response. The results of this study showed that the combined effects of WF inhalation and a HF diet significantly altered the hepatic lipidome. Additionally, pulmonary exposure to WF alone increased lipid markers of inflammation.This study analyzed commercial waterpipe tobacco products in accordance with the newly developed ISO 22486 as well as with commercial waterpipes and charcoals using the ISO 22486 puffing regime for comparison. The aerosols from these products were analyzed for their nicotine, humectant, tobacco specific nitrosamine, carbonyl, benzo[a]pyrene, and metal yields. Significant differences were observed among the waterpipe tobacco products when analyzed in accordance with the ISO standard 22486 and with different commercial waterpipes and charcoals. The concentrations of CO and benzo[a]pyrene observed in the consumers' configuration using the ISO 22486 puffing regime (with lit charcoal) were higher than those obtained with the ISO standard using electrical heating, with the yields for carbonyl compounds being lower or higher. The use of the recently published ISO standard for generating water pipe tobacco aerosols should be complemented with analysis by using the consumers' configuration. The necessity for this was demonstrated by the differences in CO and benzo[a]pyrene yields in the present work. It appears that the temperature (280°C) selected for electrical heating of waterpipe tobacco products in ISO 22486 is somewhat lower than that obtained with commercial charcoals, resulting in a generally lower yield of nicotine and total collected matter. In addition, there is a need to evaluate the contribution of commercial charcoals to the concentration of constituents in waterpipe aerosols. This is particularly true for compounds resulting from charcoal combustion, such as CO and benzo[a]pyrene.An analysis was accomplished to get information regarding presence of highly toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw and processed samples of milk applying ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Investigation of a set of 100 samples (n=100) taken from different regional small-scale farms as well as grocery stores of Bangladesh containing three groups of milk including raw (n=50), pasteurized (n=25) and UHT (n=25), exhibited in total 53% AFM1 contamination where 70% contamination was found in raw milk ranging from 22.79-1489.28 ng/kg (mean value 699.07 ng/kg), 52% in pasteurized milk ranging from 18.11-672.18 ng/kg (mean value 99.77 ng/kg) and 20% in UHT milk ranging from 25.07-48.95 ng/kg (mean value 35.46 ng/kg). Among all the positive samples, 75% contaminated samples were above the European Communities prescribed limits (50 ng/kg) while having 25% samples still below this limit whereas 43% samples crossed the accepted limit of US regulations/Codex Alimentarius Commission regulations (500 ng/kg). Thus the findings of this study may lead to increase awareness regarding health impact of aflatoxin M1 and implementation of strict regulations by law enforcement bureaus of Bangladesh.<br /><br /> To identify factors predicting HbA1c reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring (FSL-FGM).<br /><br /> Data from a 12-month prospective nation-wide FSL registry were used and analysed with multivariable regression. For the present study we included patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness or unexpected hypoglycaemias (n=566) and persons who did not reach acceptable glycaemic control (HbA1c&gt;70mmol/mol (8.5%)) (n=294). People with other indications for use, such as sensation loss of the fingers or individuals already using FSL-FGM or rtCGM, were excluded (37%).<br /><br /> Eight hundred and sixty persons (55% male with a mean age of 46.7 (±16.4) years) were included. Baseline HbA1c was 65.1 (±14.5) mmol/mol (8.1±1.3%), 75% of the patients had type 1 DM and 37% had microvascular complications. Data concerning HbA1c was present for 482 (56.0%) at 6months and 423 (49.2%) persons at 12months. A significant reduction in HbA1c (≥5 mmol/mol (0.5%)) was present in 187 (22%) persons. For these persons, median HbA1c reduction was -9.0 [-13.0, -4.0] mmol/mol (-0.82 [-1.19, -0.37]%) at 6months and -9.0 [-15.0, -7.0] mmol/mol (-0.82 [-1.37, -0.64]%) at 12months. In multivariable regression analysis with age, gender and SF-12 physical and mental component scores as covariates, only baseline HbA1c was significant -0.319 (SE 0.025; p&lt;0.001; R<br /><br /> =0.240 for the model). In exploratory analysis among subgroups with different indications for FSL-FGM use (hypoglycaemia unawareness or persistently high HbA1c) and persons with a significant HbA1c decrease over the study period, baseline HbA1c remained the only significant predictor.<br /><br /> Among the variables we analysed in the present study, only high HbA1c at baseline predicts significant HbA1c reduction during FSL-CGM use.<br /><br />Among the variables we analysed in the present study, only high HbA1c at baseline predicts significant HbA1c reduction during FSL-CGM use.Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is part of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. The present case reports a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of rare location in the bladder in a newborn. It was evaluated with prenatal ultrasound and postnatal tomography that revealed a mass in the posterior wall of the bladder. The patient underwent partial cystectomy with subsequent analysis of the surgical piece removed, the histopathological study indicated a tumor of mesenchymal origin, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of PNET of the bladder. Satisfactory result and short-term follow-up.Penile calciphylaxis, a rare manifestation of calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is infrequently reported in the literature. Surgical management has demonstrated similar outcomes as conservative management in terms of mean survival time. Therefore, the benefits of surgical intervention for this disease remain controversial. In this report, we present a case of penile calciphylaxis in a hemodialysis-dependent patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The interest of this case lies in the severity of illness on initial presentation, which precluded the possibility of conservative management and necessitated penectomy as a means of halting disease progression and improving patient quality of life.Bladder diverticula can be either congenital or acquired. They are the formation of a urothelial hernia through the muscle wall fibers of the bladder. Congenital bladder diverticula are rare and there are no previous reports showing them to have been found through an antenatal ultrasound exam revealing the presence of hydronephrosis. Here we describe the case of a large congenital bladder diverticulum revealed through an antenatal hydronephrosis diagnosis and whose proximity to the ureter led to its removal and a ureteral reimplantation.Cryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital anomaly affecting new born males. Early identification and management at 6-12 months is recommended. Occasionally adult male can present for the first time with intra-abdominal mass with empty ipsilateral scrotum. These tumors may present at advanced stage and management may be challenging at times.Though rare, fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter consistently present with symptoms such as flank discomfort and may lead to renal failure. This often affects young adults and characteristically arises in the proximal ureter. The pathogenesis is unclear. Flank pain is the most common presenting symptom, which may create diagnostic confusion. Indeed, resection provides lasting relief which otherwise may elude patients who receive other treatments. Resection modality may be selected on a patient-by-patient basis. Here we present a case in which flank pain, and historical episodes of abdominal pain, were resolved by excision of a fibroepithelial polyp by a robotic assisted laparoscopic approach.