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RESULTS Nuclear immunoreactivity for CDK9 protein was more pronounced in human HB samples and YAP/β-catenin mouse HB tumor tissues than in corresponding surrounding nontumorous liver tissues. CDK9 protein was also expressed in human HB cell lines. Silencing of CDK9 in human HB cell lines did not lead to consistent effects on HB cell growth or YAP target gene expression. Surprisingly, silencing of Cdk9 led to accelerated liver tumorigenesis in YAP/β-catenin mice. CONCLUSION CDK9 is not a major downstream mediator of YAP oncogenic function in HB development and progression. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mitopq.html MitoPQ] © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND To evaluate risk of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in men receiving versus not receiving testosterone therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS 850 patients underwent radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon. All patients had preoperative testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels drawn; free testosterone was calculated prospectively.152 (18%) patients with low preoperative calculated free testosterone levels and delayed post-operative sexual function recovery were placed on testosterone therapy and proportionately matched to 419 control patients by pathologic Gleason Grade Group and stage. Rates and time to biochemical recurrence (two consecutive prostate specific antigen ≥ 0.2 ng/dl) were compared in univariate and multivariate regression; Cox regression was used to generate a survival function at the mean of covariates. RESULTS Median follow-up was 3.5 years. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics or general health complications All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional outcomes of arthroscopic anatomical repair of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) during medium- and long-term follow-up. METHODS From September 2014 to August 2017, the data of 37 patients (23 males, 14 females; 12 left ankles, 25 right ankles) aged between 21 and 56 years, with an average age of 32.17 ± 6.35 years, presenting with CLAI, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 32 injuries were caused by sprain and five injuries were caused by car accidents. The course of the disease lasted for 12 to 60 months, with an average of 26.07 ± 13.29 months. All patients had intact skin around the ankle and no skin lesions. All patients underwent arthroscopic anatomical repair of ATFL, with the fixation of one to two anchors. Pre- and post-operative visual analogue scales (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Score (AOFAS), and the Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS) were compared tto 1.12 ± 0.13, the AOFAS score increased to 92.53 ± 4.87, and the KAFS score increased to 93.36 ± 6.15. All the follow-up indexes were significantly different from those before surgery. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic anatomical repair of ATFL for CLAI is precise, with less surgical trauma and reliable medium- and long-term effect. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd.Remote and minimally-invasive modulation of biological systems with light has transformed modern biology and neuroscience. However, light absorption and scattering significantly prevents penetration to deep brain regions. Herein, we describe the use of gold-coated mechanoresponsive nanovesicles, which consist of liposomes made from the artificial phospholipid Rad-PC-Rad as a tool for the delivery of bioactive molecules into brain tissue. Near-infrared picosecond laser pulses activated the gold-coating on the surface of nanovesicles, creating nanomechanical stress and leading to near-complete vesicle cargo release in sub-seconds. Compared to natural phospholipid liposomes, the photo-release was possible at 40 times lower laser energy. This high photosensitivity enables photorelease of molecules down to a depth of 4 mm in mouse brain. This promising tool provides a versatile platform to optically release functional molecules to modulate brain circuits. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND High-resolution colonic manometry gives an unprecedented window into motor patterns of the human colon. Our objective was to characterize motor activities throughout the entire colon that possessed persistent rhythmicity and spanning at least 5&nbsp;cm. METHODS High-resolution colonic manometry using an 84-channel water-perfused catheter was performed in 19 healthy volunteers. Rhythmic activity was assessed during baseline, proximal balloon distention, meal, and bisacodyl administration. KEY RESULTS Throughout the entire colon, a cyclic motor pattern occurred either in isolation or following a high-amplitude propagating pressure wave (HAPW), consisting of clusters of pressure waves at a frequency centered on 11-13&nbsp;cycles/min, unrelated to breathing. The cluster duration was 1-6&nbsp;minutes; the pressure waves traveled for 8-27&nbsp;cm, lasting 5-8&nbsp;seconds. The clusters itself could be rhythmic at 0.5-2&nbsp;cpm. The propagation direction of the individual pressure waves was mixed with &gt;50% occurring simultaneous. This high-frequency cyclic motor pattern co-existed with the well-known low-frequency cyclic motor pattern centered on 3-4&nbsp;cpm. In the rectum, the low-frequency cyclic motor pattern dominated, propagating predominantly in retrograde direction. Proximal balloon distention, a meal and bisacodyl administration induced HAPWs followed by cyclic motor patterns. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Within cyclic motor patterns, retrograde propagating, low-frequency pressure waves dominate in the rectum, likely keeping the rectum empty; and mixed propagation, high-frequency pressure waves dominate in the colon, likely promoting absorption and storage, hence contributing to continence. Propagation and frequency characteristics are likely determined by network properties of the interstitial cells of Cajal. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.PURPOSE Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are shown to cause small, but significant changes of lipid profiles, we aim to investigate whether such altered lipid profiles can be translated into clinically meaningful changes in dyslipidemia. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo or other oral glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reported the events of dyslipidemia. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled estimates with risk ratio (RR) for dyslipidemia risk and weighted mean difference for lipid profiles with their 95% confidential intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of 2427 studies identified, 15 RCTs involving 7578 patients were included. This meta-analysis found no association between SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of dyslipidemia (RR 1.13; 95% CI 0.91-1.40). However, SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly associated with increases in total cholesterol by 0.