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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a useful test to diagnose disorders of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. However, it is an expensive procedure and therefore referring physicians should keep appropriate clinical indication and ethical considerations in mind before recommending such an investigation to their patients.<br /><br />Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a useful test to diagnose disorders of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. However, it is an expensive procedure and therefore referring physicians should keep appropriate clinical indication and ethical considerations in mind before recommending such an investigation to their patients.<br /><br /> To determine the association between ABO/Rh-D blood types and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Pakistan.<br /><br /> In this cross-sectional study, 1935 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were included using consecutive sampling. Age and gender-matched sample of 1935 blood donors was used as a comparison group. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for inferential statistics.<br /><br /> Significantly higher proportion of blood type-B was observed in COVID-19 group (35.9% vs 31.9%, p=0.009). Blood type-AB was found more frequently (14.2% vs 11.8%, p=0.03) in the comparison group. The Rh-D Positive blood types were 93.3% in COVID-19 group and 94.9% in comparison group (p=0.03). The odds of blood type-B, AB and Rh-D positive to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 were 1.195 (95% CI 1.04 - 1.36, p=0.009), 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 - 0.97, p=0.03) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.57- 0.98, p = 0.03), respectively. Blood types A and O did not have significant association with SARS-CoV-2 PCR result (p = 0.22 and 0.88, respectively).<br /><br /> There is significant association between blood types B &amp; AB and susceptibility to COVID-19. There is no association between blood types A and O with COVID-19. Rh- D positive blood types are less susceptible to COVID-19.<br /><br />There is significant association between blood types B &amp; AB and susceptibility to COVID-19. There is no association between blood types A and O with COVID-19. Rh- D positive blood types are less susceptible to COVID-19.A Romanian 5-month-old girl was referred to our hospital after being diagnosed with congenital corneal opacities. She was sent in order to undergo penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) surgery on her left eye. The patient presented a natural tendency to esotropia. We took into account two different surgical techniques PKP and lamellar keratoplasty. The latter was technically impossible to carry out because of the full-thickness corneal opacity. We conducted several tests to accurately obtain the patient's preoperative parameters and specifically decide the details of the surgical technique to be applied. For each step of the surgical procedure we carefully compared the individual results in the literature in order to ensure a stable and lasting result. In addition to this, we used an innovative suture technique nylon thread, interrupted suture, alternating 11-0/10-0 threads. Six months after the operation, the functional result obtained was 4-5/10, with recovery of the fixation. Pediatric PKP, therefore, cannot follow a surgical standard, but requires careful case-by-case evaluation from the pre- to the postoperative phase, with the aim of maximizing stable visual acuity.We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with unilateral loss of vision who had a history of cervical cancer, staged as FIGO IIIB, and who had undergone previous chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but was not a surgical candidate. An examination revealed serous retinal detachment with an underlying choroidal mass in the left eye. We reviewed all available published case reports of uterine cervix metastases to the eye and adnexa and compiled all information into a table to present clinical and epidemiological findings. Unilateral choroidal metastasis arising from cervical cancer is extremely rare. In most cases, a history of cervical carcinoma is confirmed in the advanced stage of the disease. Ocular metastasis may be the presenting feature of primary cervical malignancy; therefore, to rule out malignancy in every woman who develops these clinical features, a cervical examination should be included in the workup.There is a wide spectrum of cilial anomalies; however, ectopic cilia are the rarest of the cilial anomalies. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the third worldwide case of this eyelid anomaly in the inferior palpebral conjunctiva and the first with a long-term follow-up of 18 months without recurrence following excision. The 41-year-old Saudi male presented with posterior ectopic cilia in the palpebral conjunctiva of the left lower eyelid. This rare anomaly was not associated with other findings. Eighteen months after complete excision of the cilia (along with the adjacent conjunctiva and tarsal plate), there was no recurrence of the ectopic cilia. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tuvusertib.html Tuvusertib mouse] This case highlights the importance of considering ectopic cilia when patients present with focal punctate keratopathy and the importance of excision of the cilia along with the adjacent conjunctiva and tarsal plate to prevent recurrence.We report a 12-year-old female patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy assessed with multimodal retinal exams. Initial fluorescein angiogram and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) were both normal, and after 4 months OCT-A showed abnormal vascular flow with normal flow in superficial retina layers, choroid, and choriocapillaris.Optic disc coloboma (ODC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic nerve. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps to monitor the complications when there is associated retinoschisis, retinal detachment, or peripapillary neovascularization, while being minimally invasive. OCT angiography could help to better understand this entity from a vascular perspective. We report multimodal imaging of 3 children with large ODC associated with cat eye syndrome, CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities), and branchio-oculo-facial syndrome.Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being used for the treatment of several malignancies. In rare cases, patients develop disabling ophthalmic side effects such as dry eyes, episcleritis, keratitis, uveitis, inflammatory orbitopathy, myasthenia gravis, macular edema, and serous retinal detachment. We present a case of acute bilateral anterior uveitis, prolonged hypotony, and cataracts following the use of dual therapy ipilimumab and nivolumab. Physicians should be aware of these immune-mediated ocular adverse events and should have a management plan to deal with these side effects that range from mild to vision threatening.