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eck surgeons is similar to that of skilled radiologists, while surgeons are more efficient than radiologists. Nondiagnostic FNA reports should not be considered benign, and repeat FNA or selective surgical treatment is recommended.<br /><br /> The purpose of this study was to investigate and define safety parameters for using the Ligasure exact dissector (LED) for dissection close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy.<br /><br /> Real-time electrophysiologic electromyographic (EMG) tracings were recorded in 16 RLNs (8 piglets) during various applications of LED under continuous intraoperative monitoring in this prospective porcine model study. In the activation study, LED was activated at varying distances from the RLN. In the cooling study, LED was activated with different cooling times or after touching the sternocleidomastoid muscle before application to the RLN.<br /><br /> In the activation study, no adverse EMG events occurred at distances longer than 1 mm. In the cooling study, no adverse EMG events occurred after a 2-second cooling time. Additionally, no adverse EMG events occurred when a sternocleidomastoid muscle touch maneuver was used for cooling.<br /><br /> The LED can be safely used at distance of 1 mm or longer, and it should be cooled for at least 2 seconds or by muscle touch maneuver. Thyroid surgeons can avoid RLN injury if standard procedures for LED use are observed.<br /><br />The LED can be safely used at distance of 1 mm or longer, and it should be cooled for at least 2 seconds or by muscle touch maneuver. Thyroid surgeons can avoid RLN injury if standard procedures for LED use are observed.<br /><br /> Unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (UM-PTMC) is not rare, and the suitable extent of operation is controversial. Total thyroidectomy is associated with a high risk of hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Hemithyroidectomy should be considered in patients without lymph node metastases. This study aimed to identify factors predicting central lymph node metastases (CLNM) in patients with UM-PTMC.<br /><br /> A total of 1,453 patients with thyroid cancer underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2018 to June 2018, and 115 patients with UM-PTMC were selected and assessed retrospectively. The relationship between CLNM and clinicopathologic features of UM-PTMC were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate analyses.<br /><br /> Of the 115 patients with UM-PTMC, CLNM were confirmed by pathology in 57 patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the sum diameter of all tumors (≥1.0 cm) [odds ratio (OR) =2.295; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.036-5.086; P=0.041] and positive CLNM via ultrasonography (OR =5.882; 95% CI 1.562-22.153; P=0.009) as independent predictors of CLNM.<br /><br /> CLNM are common in patients with UM-PTMC. The sum diameter of all tumors (≥1.0 cm) and positive CLNM via ultrasonography are independent risk factors for CLNM. Our data should be considered in the decision process relating to performing total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy in patients with UM-PTMC.<br /><br />CLNM are common in patients with UM-PTMC. The sum diameter of all tumors (≥1.0 cm) and positive CLNM via ultrasonography are independent risk factors for CLNM. Our data should be considered in the decision process relating to performing total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy in patients with UM-PTMC.<br /><br /> Left sided adrenalectomy may be associated with intraoperative bleeding and conversion or injury of the pancreatic tail leading to postoperative fistula. Another problem may be the identification of adrenal mass in the case of previous upper abdominal surgery. Intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) enables the safe plane of dissection, identification of key structures and reduction of conversion and complication rate to the minimum.<br /><br /> Laparoscopic left lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy (LTA) was performed in 94 patients. LUS was performed in 50 patients with identification of adrenal mass, its vascularization and surrounding anatomical planes.<br /><br /> Laparoscopic left LTA with LUS was associated with significant shorter operating time, smaller rate of conversions and intraoperative bleeding in comparison to the group without intraoperative ultrasound.<br /><br /> Intraoperative ultrasound during laparoscopic left LTA is a very effective method of navigation and its use should be taken into consideration especially in cases when the visualization and possibility of safe dissection are reduced.<br /><br />Intraoperative ultrasound during laparoscopic left LTA is a very effective method of navigation and its use should be taken into consideration especially in cases when the visualization and possibility of safe dissection are reduced.<br /><br /> Breast reconstruction is typically performed using autologous tissue from a laparoscopically harvested omental flap. Because open surgery and another abdominal wall incision for a subcutaneous tunnel cannot be avoided, minimal scars typically cannot be achieved. This study explored a minimally invasive method of pedicled omental flap breast reconstruction in which omentum harvesting, mastectomy, and subcutaneous tunnel establishing were performed laparoscopically and endoscopically, and large incisions on the thoracic and abdominal wall were unnecessary.<br /><br /> Ten patients with breast cancer were enrolled. They underwent endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy (ESM) and single-stage breast reconstruction using a laparoscopically harvested pedicled omental flap (LHPOF), which was pulled through a subcutaneous tunnel that was created under laparoscopic vision. The incisions made on the abdominal wall were no wider than 12 mm, and the thoracic wall incisions were no wider than 30 mm. Three of the patients had a prostheth ESM is minimally invasive, and satisfactory aesthetic results are achievable. In patients who undergo ESM combined with prosthetic implant reconstruction, the pedicled omental flap can be used to cover the prosthesis instead of using acellular dermal matrix.<br /><br /> Treatment strategies for various subtypes of breast cancer (BC) are different based on their distinct molecular characteristics. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/resiquimod.html Resiquimod] Therefore, it is very important to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC.<br /><br /> Gene expression profiles of GSE22093 and GSE23988 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. There were 74 ER-positive/HER2-negative BC tissues and 85 ER-negative/HER2-negative BC tissues in the two profile datasets. DEGs between ER-positive/HER2-negative tissues and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC tissues were identified by the GEO2R tool. The common DEGs among the two datasets were detected with Venn software online. Next, we made use of the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to analyze enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology terms. Then, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of these DEGs were visualized by Cytoscape with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes.