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78 ± 4.48 and the experimental group, 20.25 ± 2.26. Following remineralization, the control group scores were 6.30 ± 1.03 and the experimental group, 3.90 ± 1.24, demonstrating statistical significance (p less then 0.01) between the two groups. After 20 days, the results for the experimental group did not differ from the original results (p = 0.272), in contrast with the control group (p less then 0.01). CONCLUSION Results show that HMU Fluorinze mouthwash is better at remineralizing than standard calcifying solution. Copyright © 2019 Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc, Kimberly Mathieu Coulton, Nguyen Thu Tra, Nguyen Ha My, Phi Thi Quynh Huong, Tong Minh Son, Le Quynh Anh, Luu Quang Thuy, Tran Tuan Anh, Thien Chu Dinh, Chu Dinh Toi.BACKGROUND The cerebral arterial aneurysm, especially in the circumstances of ateriovenous malformation (AVM), has higher risk of rupture than normal isolated aneursym. Therefore, the treatment strategy needs to be plan very carefully in such case. CASE PRESENTATION We report a patient with 2 wide-neck aneurysms located in the feeding artery of the arteriovenous malformation and he, then, was treated by using Surpass stent (flow-diverter) to eliminate the aneurysms. CONCLUSION In our case, multiple wide-neck aneurysms in combination with low risk unruptured AVM, using long Surpass stent-diversion is an effective way to eliminate all the aneurysms in the main feeding artery while still preserving the AVM anatomy. Copyright © 2019 Dang Phuc Duc, Do Duc Thuan, Pham Dinh Dai, Dang Minh Duc, Nguyen Quang Anh, Nguyen Thi Nga, Chu Dinh Toi, Phuong Dao Viet, Duy Ton Mai.BACKGROUND Penetrating ocular trauma with intraocular foreign body is a serious injury often resulting in loss of vision. Anterior chamber foreign bodies account for a considerable portion of all cases of all intraocular foreign bodies (up to 15%); however, they can be missed due to inconspicuous location. CASE REPORT We report two cases of retained intraocular foreign bodies in the iridocorneal angle that was missed at the first ophthalmic examination. They were only discovered when complications occurred, such as corneal edema and increased intraocular pressure. In the case whereby the foreign body was taken out early, corneal damages were reversible. However, in the case whereby the foreign body was taken out late, endothelial damage was irreversible and endothelial transplantation was needed. CONCLUSION Regarding trauma patients, a careful examination should be performed to discover foreign bodies in the iridocorneal angle. If local peripheral corneal edema occurred, attention should be paid to the trauma history and to timely discovery of the foreign body. This will prevent any irreversible corneal damages. Copyright © 2019 Pham Ngoc Dong, Nguyen Thi Nga Duong, Le Xuan Cung, Duong Nguyen Viet Huong, Nguyen Dinh Ngan, Chu Dinh Thien, Do Quyet, Nguyen Duy Bac.BACKGROUND Pediatric endophthalmitis after open-globe injury had its clinical features, microbiological profile different from those in aldults. In Viet Nam, there was no report on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of pediatric posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Therefore, we conduct this study. AIM To describe clinical features, ultrasound results, gram stain and culture results of endophthalmitis in pediatric open globe injuries. METHODS Prospective non-controlled study. Case series of 30 eyes presenting with post-traumatic endophthalmitis between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed. RESULTS Mean age was 8.03 ± 3.99 years. Metallic and organic etiologies were the most common causes for injuries (n = 11). 27 cases had penetrating corneal trauma. Dense opaque vitreous was seen in 25 eyes. Retinal necrosis 1 quadrant were the most common fundus lesions. Dense vitreous opacity on ultrasound was most common (n = 28). Gram stain bacteria positivity was 93.3%, gram-positive was isolated in 63.3%. Vitreous samples were more often positive than aqueous (P = 0,002). CONCLUSION Posttraumatic endophthalmitis in children is more common in boys aged 6-10 years and most often caused by injury with metallic and organic matters. Culture results were very low. Vitreous samples were more often positive than aqueous. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common causative organism. Copyright © 2019 Tham Truong Khanh Van, Do Nhu Hon, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh, Bui Thị Van Anh, Do Quyet, Than Van Thai, Vu Thi Nga, Nguyen Duy Bac.BACKGROUND Cataract is one of the reasons which causes impaired visual acuity (VA) of the eyes after penetrating keratoplasy (PK), which can be treated by cataract surgery after PK or triple procedure. Cataract surgery after PK has advantages that parameters of the eyes such as axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD) as well as corneal curvature are stabilized after removing all sutures postoperatively, and intraocular lens (IOL) power can be calculated correctly. Therefore, postoperative VA will be improved significantly. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html CX-5461 DNA inhibitor] In Vietnam, there have not been any study about cataract surgery after PK, therefore we conduct this research. AIM To evaluate the outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery following primary PK. METHODS Non-randomized controlled intervention study. Ninteen eyes (19 patients) that underwent phacoemulsification plus IOL insertion after initial PK in Cornea department, Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, from December 2013 to September 2014. RESULTS All patients presented with reduced VA, including 17 eyes (89.9%) with VA ≤ 20/200, mean astigmatism was 7.9 ± 1.0 D. Clear corneal grafts in 16 eyes while corneal opacity was seen in 3 eyes. All eyes with cataract were diagnosed from grade 2. After cataract surgery, improved VA &gt; 20/200 was achieved in 72.22% of cases. There was a markable reduce of postoperative astigmatism with 1.8 ± 0.8 D (p less then 0.05). However, the immunologic graft reaction was presented in one eye, and two edematous corneas also reported after cataract surgery. After treatment, there was one cornea achieved its clarity. CONCLUSION Phacoemulsification cataract surgery following initial PK showed good outcomes with improved postoperative VA, reduced astigmatism, and the ultimate graft survival rate was high. Copyright © 2019 Le Xuan Cung, Do Thi Thuy Hang, Nguyen Xuan Hiep, Do Quyet, Than Van Thai, Vu Thi Nga, Nguyen Duy Bac, Dinh Ngan Nguyen.