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For now, only DRLs for dental and maxillofacial could be defined; because of a lack of ENT data, no DRL values for ENT practices could be derived from this survey.BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems help reduce hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). It remains unclear whether T1D patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) continue to develop more hypoglycemia than those with normal awareness (NA) despite CGM use. METHODS For this cross-sectional observational study, 99 T1D patients using real-time CGMs for ≥86% of time were recruited. Fifty and 49 patients were found to have NA and IAH (based on the Clarke questionnaire), respectively. Two-week CGM hypoglycemia data were collected. RESULTS IAH was associated with greater percentages of CGM values less then 70 and less then 54 mg/dL (P=0.012, P=0.004) compared to NA. Clarke scores correlated positively with the percentage of CGM values less then 70 and less then 54 mg/dL (P=0.013, P=0.004). IAH was also related to more events with glucose less then 70 and less then 54 mg/dL determined either with at ≥1 time point (P=0.048 P=0.003) or lasting ≥20 minutes (P=0.016, P=0.004). IAH patients presented with more day-time events with glucose less then 54 mg/dL (P=0.015), nocturnal events with glucose levels less then 70 and less then 54 mg/dL (P=0.009, P=0.007) and longer day-time event duration with glucose levels less then 70 and less then 54 mg/dL (P less then 0.001, P=0.006), respectively. CONCLUSIONS T1D patients with IAH continue to experience more hypoglycemia despite dedicated CGM use.There is broad interest in improved methods to generate robust evidence regarding best practice, especially in settings where patient conditions are heterogenous and require multiple concomitant therapies. Here, we present the rationale and design of a large, international trial that combines features of adaptive platform trials with pragmatic point-of-care trials to determine best treatment strategies for patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The trial uses a novel design entitled a randomized embedded multifactorial adaptive platform (REMAP). The design has 5 key features i.) randomization, allowing robust causal inference; ii.) embedding of study procedures into routine care processes, facilitating enrollment, trial efficiency, and generalizability; iii.) a multifactorial statistical model comparing multiple interventions across multiple patient subgroups; iv.) response-adaptive randomization with preferential assignment to those interventions that appe. Lessons learned from the design and conduct of this trial should aid in dissemination of similar platform initiatives in other disease areas. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02735707).Nurses in primary care are often the first point of access for those seeking health care, and it is well known that accessing health services can be difficult for some, especially those on a low income. A charity initiative has been developed in a low-income area in England to help such individuals, wherein volunteers help local residents to access local services and support. This study explores the experiences of service users in order to understand their perceptions and feelings about the service, using an instrumental case study method with semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were collected from six service users and transcribed by the researcher for subsequent thematic analysis. The participants' experiences were characterised by reduced social isolation, reduced emotional distress, improved mobility and transport options, improved confidence and control over life, and effective management of memory issues. Various aspects of advocacy and empowerment were also observed. Further, the coping strategies used by the participants while facing the challenges of social isolation and ageing were highlighted. The findings provide important insight into the support needs of populations on low income, the ways in which they access healthcare and how the volunteer service can best support them.Falls are common among older people and a major public health challenge. This article describes why falls are more common among older people, the potential causes of falls and what assessments should be undertaken to inform preventive interventions. District nurses are well placed to contribute to the understanding of why an older person has had a fall as part of a falls risk assessment.This article reports the implementation of a new procedure for screening and treatment of malnutrition in a community NHS trust in England. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mi-773-sar405838.html SAR405838 cost] The barriers and facilitators to implementation were assessed with staff from Integrated Community and Older People's Mental Health teams. Data from interviews and surveys were collected at baseline, 2 months after initial training and 16 months after initial training as well as following deployment of a nutrition lead to embed new developments for nutritional care. The adoption of the procedure made screening and treatment of malnutrition simpler and more likely to be actioned. The benefit of a nutrition lead and local nutrition champions to support and empower staff (avoiding reliance on training alone) was shown to drive change for nutritional care across the community. Prioritisation and commitment of leadership at the organisational level are needed to embed and sustain malnutrition screening and treatment in routine practice.This article explores the social and physical issue of urge incontinence among postmenopausal women. This condition can severely inhibit the activities of the affected individual on a daily basis for fear of embarrassment due to its unpredictability. Urge incontinence is usually of mixed aetiology, and the symptoms are primarily the sudden onset of micturition unexpectedly in any situation. The treatments focus on the non-surgical support that can be given. Various physical therapies such as bladder training and core-stabilising exercises can be recommended, alongside counselling over the subject, and a range of medical treatments are available if non-medical treatments do not work, such as antimuscarinic drugs or as a last resort, botulinum type A injections. The psychosocial aspect is important, and the approach to care should be sensitive and empathetic. Use of 'I can't wait' cards is a helpful recommendation to those who wish to live a more active life but worry they are unable to queue in a long wait for the toilet.