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Objectives To understand the role of Rho (serine/threonine) kinases in the treatment of neurological segments, attempts have been made to find potent inhibitors of Rho enzyme by a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. Materials and methods QSAR studies were executed on urea-based scaffolds from aniline and benzylamine analogues, which were aligned for generation of a chemometric-based model. Multivariate statistical approaches were applied including linear and nonlinear analysis such as multiple linear regression, partial least square and artificial neural network for the generation of model, and also an application of (in silico) absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion studies was performed to ascertain the novelty and drug-like properties of the intended molecules. Results Ligand based analysis was implemented and showed excellent statistical relevance such as S value=0.38, F value=48.41, r=0.95, r²=0.91, and r²cv=0.86. Five illuminating variables, i.e., vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) polarization YY component (whole molecule), VAMP dipole Y component (whole molecule), VAMP dipole Z component (whole molecule), Kier ChiV6 path index (whole molecule), and moment of inertia 2 size (whole molecule), were found and they have a profound influence on the potency of the compounds. Conclusion The values of standard statistical parameters reveal the predictive power and robustness of this model and also provide valuable insight into the significance of five descriptors. The acquired physicochemical properties (electronic, topological, and steric) show the important structural features required for activity against Rho kinase. After performing Lipinski's rule of five on urea-based derivatives no molecule was violating the rule. Therefore, these features can be effectively employed for the modeling and screening of active neurological agents as novel Rho kinase inhibitors.Objectives Polymeric nanoparticles are a promising novel drug delivery system and have advantages in cancer therapy. Etoposide is an anticancer agent that is used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate novel polymeric nanoparticles containing etoposide. Materials and methods A 32 full factorial design was used to study the effect of Eudragit EPO and Pluronic F-68 on the characterization of nanoparticle suspensions. The polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique. The prepared nanoparticles was evaluated by percentage yield, drug polymer compatibility using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, drug content, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, particle size, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, in vitro drug release studies, kinetic modeling, stability studies, and in vivo animal studies. Response surface plots were studied, which were generate0.300% in the kidney, and 4.18±0.490% in the brain. Conclusion Etoposide loaded nanoparticles was found to be effective in sustained release.Objectives Akt is considered as an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery and development and therefore extensive efforts have been devoted to the discovery of new potent anticancer agents targeting Akt. Materials and methods Due to the importance of thiadiazoles for anticancer drug discovery, herein eight 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were investigated for their cytotoxic effects on C6 rat glioma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines using the MTT assay. The effects of the most promising anticancer agents on apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle arrest were determined on a BD FACSAria (I) flow cytometer. Akt activity was measured in the C6 and A549 cell lines using an ELISA colorimetric method. Schrödinger's Maestro molecular modeling package was used to explore the possible binding modes of compounds 3 and 8 in the active site of Akt enzyme (PDB code 3OW4). Results N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(5-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (3) and N-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(5-((4- nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (8) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the C6 cell line through inhibition of Akt activity (92.36% and 86.52%, respectively). The docking results of compounds 3 and 8 indicated that π-π interactions, H bonds, and salt-bridge formation were responsible for the observed Akt inhibitory activity. Conclusion According to in vitro and docking studies, compounds 3 and 8 stand out as promising antiglioma agents.Background The CDC and ACOG have issued guidelines for HIV screening in pregnancy for patients living in areas with high prevalence of HIV in order to minimize perinatal vertical transmission. There is a lack of data examining providers' compliance with these guidelines in at-risk patient populations in the United States. Objective To evaluate if HIV screening in pregnant women was performed according to guidelines at a large, urban, tertiary care medical center in South Florida. Study Design. A retrospective review was performed on 1270 prenatal and intrapartum records from women who delivered a live infant in 2015 at a single institution. Demographic and outcome data were chart abstracted and analyzed using arithmetic means and standard deviations. Results Of the 1270 patients who met inclusion criteria, 1090 patients initiated prenatal care in the first or second trimester and delivered in the third trimester. 1000 (91.7%) patients were screened in the first or second trimester; however, only 822 (82.2%) of these were retested in the third trimester during prenatal care. Among the 178 patients lacking a third trimester test, 159 (89.3%) received rapid HIV testing upon admission for delivery. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html this website] Of the 1090 patients who initiated prenatal care in the first or second trimester and delivered in the third trimester, 982 (90.1%) were screened in accordance with recommended guidelines. Of the 1270 patients initiating care in any trimester, 24 (1.9%) had no documented prenatal HIV test during prenatal care, however 22 (91.7%) had a rapid HIV test on admission for delivery. Two (0.16%) patients were not tested prenatally or prior to delivery. Conclusion Despite 99.8% of women having at least one HIV screening test during pregnancy, there is room for improvement in routine prenatal screening in both early pregnancy and third trimester prior to onset of labor in this high-risk population.