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Results obtained by the developed HPTLC-densitometric method were statistically compared to those obtained by the reported HPLC methods and no significant difference was found between them. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Finite Element Analysis is a numerical modelling tool vastly employed in research facilities to analyse and predict load transmission between the human body and a medical device, such as a prosthesis or an exoskeleton. Yet, the use of FEM in a framework compatible with clinical constraints is hindered by, amongst others, heavy and time-consuming assessments of material properties. Ultrasound imaging opens new and unique opportunities for the assessment of in vivo material properties of soft tissues. Confident of these advances, a method combining a freehand ultrasound probe and a force sensor was developed in order to compute the hyperelastic constitutive parameters of the soft tissues of the thigh in both relaxed (R) and contracted (C) muscles configurations. Seven asymptomatic subjects were included for the experiment. Two operators in each configuration performed the acquisitions. Inverse Finite Element modelling allowed for the optimisation of an Ogden's hyperelastic constitutive model of soft tissues of the thigh in large displacement. The mean shear modulus identified for configurations R and C were respectively 3.2 ± 1.3 kPa and 13.7 ± 6.5 kPa. The mean alpha parameter identified for configurations R and C were respectively 10 ± 1 and 9 ± 4. An analysis of variance showed that subject and configuration had an effect on constitutive parameters but not operator. Copyright (c) 2020 by ASME.A sensitive, rapid and cost-effective method based on HPTLC with UV detection was developed for the quantitation of Glibenclamide (GLIBEN), Rosiglitazone maleate (ROSI) and Metformin hydrochloride (MET) from a combined dosage form. Pre-coated RP-18 F254s aluminum sheets were used as the stationary phase. Methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water-glacial acetic acid (16 3.6 4 0.4, v/v) used as the mobile phase, along with chamber saturation of 10&nbsp;min offered an optimum migration (Rf&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.54, 0.62 and 0.80 for GLIBEN, ROSI and MET, respectively). TLC Scanner 3 was used for densitometric evaluation of the chromatograms. DigiStore 2 Documentation System with winCATS software version 1.4.10 was used for the quantitation and photodocumentation. The LOD for GLIBEN, ROSI and MET was found to be 80 ng, 80 ng and 48&nbsp;ng, respectively. Moreover, the LOQ was 200 ng, 200 ng and 120&nbsp;ng for GLIBEN, ROSI and MET, respectively. The method was linear for GLIBEN (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.9991), ROSI (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.9993) and MET (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.9988) within the tested range (200-1000, 200-1000 and 120-600&nbsp;ng/band, respectively). The method was found to be precise and accurate for all the three drugs. The method was applied for the analysis of Triglucored tablets, and it proved to be a reliable quality control tool for the routine analysis of GLIBEN, ROSI and MET in a combined dosage form. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.To sustain iron homeostasis, microorganisms have evolved fine-tuned mechanisms for uptake, storage and detoxification of the essential metal iron. In the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the fungal-specific bZIP-type transcription factor HapX coordinates adaption to both iron starvation and iron excess and is thereby crucial for virulence. Previous studies indicated that a HapX homodimer interacts with the CCAAT-binding complex (CBC) to cooperatively bind bipartite DNA motifs; however, the mode of HapX-DNA recognition had not been resolved. Here, combination of in vivo (genetics and ChIP-seq), in vitro (surface plasmon resonance) and phylogenetic analyses identified an astonishing plasticity of CBCHapXDNA interaction. DNA motifs recognized by the CBCHapX protein complex comprise a bipartite DNA binding site 5'-CSAATN12RWT-3' and an additional 5'-TKAN-3' motif positioned 11-23 bp downstream of the CCAAT motif, i.e. occasionally overlapping the 3'-end of the bipartite binding site. Phylogenetic comparison taking advantage of 20 resolved Aspergillus species genomes revealed that DNA recognition by the CBCHapX complex shows promoter-specific cross-species conservation rather than regulon-specific conservation. Moreover, we show that CBCHapX interaction is absolutely required for all known functions of HapX. The plasticity of the CBCHapXDNA interaction permits fine tuning of CBCHapX binding specificities that could support adaptation of pathogens to their host niches. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-methyladenine.html mTOR inhibitor] © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more chronic diseases and is associated with increased adverse outcomes, including hospitalization, mortality and frequency of use of medical institutions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe multimorbidity patterns, determine whether multimorbidity was associated with high medical expenditure, and determine whether mental diseases had an interaction effect on this association. METHODS We conducted a claims data-based observational study. Data were obtained for 7526 individuals aged 0-75 years from a medical claims data set for Goto, Japan, over a 12-month period (2016-17). Annual medical expenditure was divided into quintiles; the fifth quintile represented high medical expenditure. Multimorbidity status was defined as the occurrence of two or more health conditions from 17 specified conditions. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for high medical expenditure were calculated by number of comorbidities. RESULTS In total, 5423 (72.1%) participants had multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with high medical expenditure, even after adjustment for age, sex and income category (OR 10.36, 95% CI 7.57-14.19; P less then 0.001). Mental diseases had a significant interaction effect on the association between multimorbidity and high medical expenditure (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity is associated with high medical expenditure in Japan. Mental diseases may contribute to increased medical costs. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 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