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However, the diageotropica tomato showed a positive regulation of the nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen deficiency. In general, our data revealed that the reduced sensitivity to auxin increased the adaptive capacity to the nitrogen deficiency.Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is a native species from South America and is a rich source of bioactive compounds. There is a lack of research efforts on the phytochemical investigation of callus culture from this species. In the present study, an effort was made to optimize callus culture conditions and to identify secondary compounds. Calli were induced from 10 genotypes using leaf explants and the best genotype was selected to evaluate the effects of cytokinin types and concentrations on callus induction and biomass accumulation. The best genotype and cytokinin treatment were used to conduct one last experiment with sucrose concentrations in culture media and its effects on calli biomass, antioxidant activity and secondary compounds accumulation. Callus initiation was genotype dependent, and the 6-156-6 line had the best response. Zeatin supplemented medium showed higher callus induction rate (82%) and higher biomass accumulation after 120 days (328.2 mg). Higher biomass and secondary compounds accumulation were observed for calli on 3% sucrose medium. Antioxidant activity was not affected by sucrose concentrations. Yerba mate callus culture allowed the accumulation of chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, theobromine and caffeine.A somatic embryogenesis protocol was developed from the immature leaves of adult plants of the macaw palm. Leaf explants from different regions of the palm heart were used for callus initiation in a modified Y3 medium, supplemented with 2,4-D or Picloram at 450 μM. Calli were separated from the leaf explants at 6-, 9- and 12-month periods and transferred to a fresh culture medium of the same composition. They were multiplied for up to 120 days. Reduced concentrations of 2,4-D and Picloram were used to differentiate somatic embryos. They were then germinated in a medium without plant growth regulators. Morphological and anatomical analyses were conducted at different stages of the embryogenic process. The best results for callus induction were achieved by Picloram, when explants were maintained for up to 9 months on culture medium (64.9%). The farthest portions of the apical meristem were those that provided the biggest calli formation. The formation of the somatic embryos was observed from the calli multiplication phase. Reduction in concentrations of growth regulators failed to promote the formation of complete plants. Picloram at 450 μM promotes high callogenesis in leaf tissues of macaw palm, with a potential for somatic embryo formation.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) combined with brisk walking on lipid profiles and the liver function in overweight and obese men. Twenty-four participants were randomized to either the GTE group or the placebo group for 12 weeks with a 4-week follow-up. The walking program consisted of four 60-min-sessions/week and all participants were asked to consume two GTE (150mg) or placebo tablets daily. After 12-week intervention, GTE group resulted in a significant difference in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to placebo group (P 0.05). There was no change in the triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the placebo group, but a significant reduction was noted in the HDL-C levels in the GTE group (P less then 0.05). GTE combined with brisk walking resulted in a significant change in the LDL-C and TC levels, however, a significant reduce in HDL-C in the GTE group. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/s-propranolol-hydrochloride.html find more] The study has a more positive effect on the liver function than brisk walking alone.Circulating DNA can be released in the biological fluids by a physiological process and by different pathological conditions. The first reports detecting circulating DNA in human plasma date from the late 40s. Even when specific pathological conditions were analyzed, the clinical importance of circulating DNA remained unclear. After PCR introduction, genetic and epigenetic alterations in circulating DNA gained more prominence for understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Nowadays, the circulating DNA assays are highlighted for their clinical relevance for cancer screening in liquid biopsy. In this review, we described the landscape of studies on circulating DNA isolated from human plasma or serum and the molecular tools used to obtain these findings throughout the 20th century and the current application in cancer.The development of self-disinfectant devices is highly needed to prevent and control infections, mainly caused by virus. In the past years, coronaviruses have been a threat to humanity, causing severe epidemics of respiratory infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in 2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and presently the SARS-CoV2 is causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have demonstrated that surface contamination play a significant role in the spreading of viruses. These studies demonstrated that the production of highly reactive species by copper alloys contributes to rapid elimination of viruses. Nanostructured materials such as semiconductors TiO2, Co3O4 CuO, NiO, and TiO2, and silver nanoparticles can decrease the virus viability on the surfaces when associated with polymers and textiles, especially in conditions of light exposure. In addition, graphene oxide is rising as a promising material for inactivation of viruses due to its capacity of destroying the viral envelope and capsid. The virucidal property of these materials can be enhanced by increasing their functionalization with photosensitizers. The present mini-review brings subsidies for the development of new advanced self-disinfectant materials that can be used in the manufacture of gloves, masks, and a variety of other devices.