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SG presented unique changes in metabolites (increase in pyruvate and alanine and decrease in citrate and BCAA). Negative correlations between arginine and glutamine with fat mass were observed in the SG. PG presented a decrease in 1H NMR lipid signals and negative correlation between Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes with (CH2)n lipids. Both probiotics and symbiotics promoted changes in metabolites related to improved metabolic health. Specific metabolite changes following symbiotic intervention might suggest some advantage in providing Bifidobacterium lactis in combination with fructooligosaccharide in a low-energy diet, rather than probiotics or diet alone. Clinical trial NCT02505854.In recent years, one of the main research interests of our group has been the construction of 6/5 π-systems through the regioselective conversion of parallel alkynes in naphthalene with the aim of exploiting potential fluorescent materials. Herein, the copper-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted (Z)-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenes from 8-halo-1-ethynylnaphthalenes using potassium ethylxanthate as the sulfur source is reported. In this protocol, a series of thiophene-fused 6/5 π-system compounds was synthesized via copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type C(aryl)-S bond formation and the α-addition of an alkyne bond with high selectivity and in high yields. The synthesized polysubstituted (Z)-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenes exhibited solid emission, which made them potential candidates for use in optoelectronic conjugated materials. By using DMSO/D2O (3  1) as the reaction solvent, the deuterated products could be obtained in good yields under standard conditions.Collagen is a major structural component of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue. The key structural feature of collagen is the collagen triple helix, with a Xaa-Yaa-Gly (glycine) repeating pattern. The most frequently occurring triplet is Pro (proline)-Hyp (hydroxyproline)-Gly. The reversible thermal folding and unfolding of a series of heterotrimeric collagen triple helices with varying number of Pro-Hyp-Gly triplets were monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy to determine the unfolding thermodynamic parameters Tm (midpoint transition temperature), ΔHTm (unfolding enthalpy), and ΔGunfold (unfolding free energy). The Tm and ΔGunfold of the heterotrimeric collagen triple helices increased with increasing number of Pro-Hyp-Gly triplets. The ΔGunfold increased by 2.0 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 upon inserting one Pro-Hyp-Gly triplet into all three chains. The Tm difference between the most stable ABC combination and the second most stable BCC combination decreased with increasing number of Pro-Hyp-Gly triplets, even though the ΔGunfold difference remained the same. These results should be useful for tuning the stability of collagen triple helical peptides for hydrogel formation, recognition of denatured collagen triple helices as diagnostics and therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery.Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disorder resulting from the nontraumatic rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death, which is an important pathological feature of ICH injury. At present, the therapeutic efficacy of ICH treatment is far from satisfactory, so it is urgent to develop a safer and more effective method to treat ICH injury. Resveratrol (Res), a widely used nonflavonoid polyphenol compound, plays a neuroprotective role in many diseases. However, its poor oral bioavailability limits its clinical application in ICH. Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are a commonly used drug delivery matrix material with good biocompatibility. To improve its bioavailability and accumulation in the brain, we used NPs to encapsulate Res. These spherical Res nanoparticles (Res-NPs) had a particle size of 297.57 ± 7.07 nm, a PDI of 0.23 ± 0.02 and a zeta potential of -5.45 ± 0.27 mV. They could be taken up by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells through a variety of nonspecific endocytosis mechanisms, mainly mediated by clathrin and plasma membrane microcapsules. After entering the cell, Res-NPs tend to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. In a zebrafish model, we observed that Res-NPs could transport across physiological barriers. In a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model, we found that Res-NPs had more desirable improvements in Res accumulation within the plasma and brain. Moreover, we demonstrated that Res-NPs were able to inhibit ferroptosis induced by erastin in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells, which are commonly used in in vitro studies to examine neuronal differentiation and neurotoxicity implicated in brain injuries or neurological diseases. Finally, in an ICH mouse model, we confirmed that Res-NPs are a safer and effective treatment for ICH injury. Collectively, Res-NPs are effective to improve Res brain delivery and its therapeutic efficacy in ICH treatment.As a newly emerging two-dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) has received broad attention in the field of biomedical applications. Prior to its clinical application, its cytotoxicity to cells should be carefully evaluated; however, this field is still in its infancy. Motivated by this, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to systematically investigate the potential mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of BP to the lipid membrane, including lipid extraction, penetration into the membrane, and the impacts of BP on the physical properties of the membrane. Surprisingly, we observed that BP could not extract lipid molecules from the membrane. The thermodynamic analyses suggested that the puckered surface structure could weaken the interactions between BP and lipid molecules, thus inhibiting the lipid extraction. Additionally, through simulating the spontaneous interaction modes between BP and the lipid membrane, we found that the "passivated" edges of BP prohibited it from penetrating into the membrane. As a result, BP could only spontaneously lie parallel on the surface of the membrane, in which manner BP exerted little influence on the properties of the lipid membrane. [https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_epigenetics.html Epigenetic inhibitor clinical trial] To comprehensively appraise the cytotoxicity, we even artificially inserted BP into the membrane and compared the effects of BP and graphene on the properties of the membrane. Simulation results showed that the influences of the inserted BP on the lipid properties were much milder than those of graphene. Overall, the present work suggests that BP possesses distinctive biocompatibility benefiting from its puckered surface structure. This work provides a better understanding of the interactions between BP and the membrane, which may offer some useful suggestions for exploring strategies to improve the biocompatibility of nanomaterials.