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Feeding intolerance (FI) is one of the most common clinical problems in preterm infant and often leads to the delay in reaching total enteral nutrition and prolonged hospital stay. The prevention and treatment of FI are of great significance in improving the survival rate of preterm infants. With reference to current evidence in China and overseas, the clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of FI in preterm infants were developed based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), so as to help neonatal pediatricians, nursing staff, and nutritionists with early identification and standard management of FI in preterm infants.<br /><br /> We examined health insurance benefits, workplace policies, and health promotion programs in small to midsize businesses in Alaska whose workforces were at least 20% Alaska Native. Participating businesses were enrolled in a randomized trial to improve health promotion efforts.<br /><br /> Twenty-six Alaska businesses completed from January 2009 through October 2010 a 30-item survey on health benefits, policies, and programs in the workplace. We generated frequency statistics to describe overall insurance coverage, and to detail insurance coverage, company policies, and workplace programs in 3 domains tobacco use, physical activity and nutrition, and disease screening and management.<br /><br /> Businesses varied in the number of employees (mean, 250; median, 121; range, 41-1,200). Most businesses offered at least partial health insurance for full-time employees and their dependents. Businesses completely banned tobacco in the workplace, and insurance coverage for tobacco cessation was limited. Eighteen had onsite food vendors, yet fewer than 6 businesses offered healthy food options, and even fewer offered them at competitive prices. Cancer screening and treatment were the health benefits most commonly covered by insurance.<br /><br /> Although insurance coverage and workplace policies for chronic disease screening and management were widely available, significant opportunities remain for Alaska businesses to collaborate with federal, state, and community organizations on health promotion efforts to reduce the risk of chronic illness among their employees.<br /><br />Although insurance coverage and workplace policies for chronic disease screening and management were widely available, significant opportunities remain for Alaska businesses to collaborate with federal, state, and community organizations on health promotion efforts to reduce the risk of chronic illness among their employees.<br /><br /> The number of urban community gardens, including those on rooftops, is increasing. However, few studies have explored the benefits of these gardens for people with intellectual disabilities or mental health disorders. We evaluated the association between urban rooftop gardening and quality of life of individuals with moderate to very marked disability.<br /><br /> We collected quality of life information with a preliminary version of the INTEGRAL Scale questionnaire from all gardeners (n = 54) and among a comparison group of nongardeners (n = 43). We also conducted semi-structured interviews with participants and technicians, and made field observations.<br /><br /> Our results indicated that urban rooftop gardening was associated with better personal development and suggested enhanced physical and emotional well-being, sense of purpose, social inclusion, interpersonal relations (including new perspectives on the urban environment and the changes in social roles), and general quality of life.<br /><br /> Our study extends the evidence on the potential benefits of urban rooftop gardening in general, and specifically for those with intellectual disabilities and mental health disorders.<br /><br />Our study extends the evidence on the potential benefits of urban rooftop gardening in general, and specifically for those with intellectual disabilities and mental health disorders.<br /><br /> Walking school bus programs increase children's physical activity through active travel to school; however, research to inform large-scale implementation of such programs is limited. We investigated contextual factors, implementation outcomes, and student outcomes in existing walking school bus programs in the United States and internationally.<br /><br /> Walking school bus programs involve a group of children walking to school together with an adult leader. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/etanercept.html selleck] On the trip to school, these adults provide social support, address potential traffic and interpersonal safety, and serve as role models to the children while children increase their physical activity levels.<br /><br /> We conducted surveys with existing walking school bus programs identified through internet searches, referrals, and relevant email listservs. Leaders from 184 programs that operated at least 1 trip per week completed the survey. We used regression analyses to compare differences in contextual factors by area income and location, associations between contes can improve reach, implementation, and sustainability of walking school bus programs and can increase children's physical activity.<br /><br />Walking school bus programs can be implemented successfully in many contexts using various models. The involvement of several people in leadership roles is critical for sustainability. Evidence-based implementation strategies that overcome barriers can improve reach, implementation, and sustainability of walking school bus programs and can increase children's physical activity.<br /><br /> Health care avoidance by Medicare beneficiaries with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes can result in adverse health and economic outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe factors associated with choices to avoid health care among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes.<br /><br /> We used a survey-weighted logistic model and the nationally representative 2016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to analyze data on 1,782 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 with type 2 diabetes, to examine associations between Medicare beneficiaries' decisions to avoid health care and multiple factors (eg, dissatisfaction with information given by providers, health problems that should have been discussed with providers but were not, worry about health more than other people their age).<br /><br /> Of our study sample, 26.1% reported they avoid health care. Five factors were associated with avoiding health care delaying care (vs not) because of costs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.06; P = .005); having health problems that should have been discussed with providers but were not (vs having discussions) (aOR = 1.