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The incidence of arthritis in patients with pSS is high, and musculoskeletal US has its characteristics. The musculoskeletal US semi-quantitative method can effectively evaluate arthritis in patients with pSS, and the US score of arthritis has a certain correlation with the overall disease activity. US can provide a reference for the diagnosis of arthritis and disease activity assessment in patients with pSS.<br /><br />The incidence of arthritis in patients with pSS is high, and musculoskeletal US has its characteristics. The musculoskeletal US semi-quantitative method can effectively evaluate arthritis in patients with pSS, and the US score of arthritis has a certain correlation with the overall disease activity. US can provide a reference for the diagnosis of arthritis and disease activity assessment in patients with pSS.<br /><br /> Nonthermal argon plasma (NTAP) has been reported to improve the bond strength of resin cements to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics. However, the effect of the inevitable delay before cementation and after treating Y-TZP ceramics with NTAP is unclear.<br /><br /> The purpose of this invitro study was to investigate whether delays of 8, 12, and 24 hours between the Y-TZP ceramic treatment with NTAP and the cementation would affect the surface energy and the bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement to Y-TZP ceramic.<br /><br /> Sixty plates and 50 blocks of 3Y-TZP ceramic were divided into 2 groups (n=30 and n=25) as-sintered (AS) and airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm Al<br /><br /> O<br /><br /> (APA). These groups were further divided into 5 subgroups (n=6 and n=5) according to the delay between the NTAP treatment and the measurement of surface energy and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) evaluation (0, 8, 12, and 24 hours). For both 3Y-TZP surface conditions (AS and APA), a control group without NTAP treatwas reached after 8 hours (P&lt;.05).<br /><br /> Treatment of 3Y-TZP ceramic with NTAP improved the SE and increased the μTBS of self-adhesive resin cement to 3Y-TZP ceramic. These effects were time dependent, with better results at 8 hours after NTAP treatment.<br /><br />Treatment of 3Y-TZP ceramic with NTAP improved the SE and increased the μTBS of self-adhesive resin cement to 3Y-TZP ceramic. These effects were time dependent, with better results at 8 hours after NTAP treatment.<br /><br /> The bonding of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin with an additional touch-polymerization activator has been insufficiently examined.<br /><br /> The purpose of this invitro study was to investigate the effect of touch-polymerization activators and extended light-irradiation time on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of light-activated adhesives.<br /><br /> Post cavities were prepared in 50 extracted mandibular premolars and bonded using Prime&amp;Bond Universal (PBU); PBU+Self Cure Activator (SCA); Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SEB); SEB+Clearfil DC Activator (DCA); or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ER (UBQ). After light-irradiation for 10 or 20 seconds, the post cavities were filled with dual-activated resin core materials. Eight beams were prepared per specimen and subjected to the μTBS test. The μTBS data were analyzed by using 3-way ANOVAs with the Bonferroni correction (α=.05).<br /><br /> The 3-way ANOVAs indicated that the use of touch-polymerization activators (SCA and DCA) significantly increased the μTBS of PBU and SEB in both the coronal (P=.015) and apical (P=.001) regions. The extension of light-irradiation time to 20 seconds significantly improved their μTBS in the apical region (P&lt;.001), but not in the coronal region (P=.09). Light-irradiation for 20 seconds increased the μTBS of UBQ significantly in the coronal region (P=.014).<br /><br /> Touch-polymerization activators improved the bond strength of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin, especially when combined with an extended light-irradiation time.<br /><br />Touch-polymerization activators improved the bond strength of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin, especially when combined with an extended light-irradiation time.<br /><br /> Light transmitted deep into the root canal is an important parameter to increase bonding of the cement to the post and dentin. Glass fiber posts seem to be an option to increase transmitted light, but literature on the light transmittance profile and power transmission to deep canal regions is lacking.<br /><br /> The purpose of this invitro study was to evaluate light delivered by 2 types of fiberglass posts submitted to different surface treatments and to evaluate the bond strength.<br /><br /> Whiteposts and Superposts were allocated to 4 groups no surface treatment, surface treatment with 24% hydrogen peroxide, surface treatment with silane, and surface treatment with 24% hydrogen peroxide plus silane. The total light transmitted by the posts was measured by using an integrating sphere to collect the diffuse light. The light profile that was laterally delivered to the post was measured with a power detector equipped with an optical fiber probe. The bond strength was measured with the push-out test. Scanning electron microsom the cervical to the apical third. Surface treatment impacted bond strength; light transmission through Whiteposts was slightly higher than light transmission through Superposts.<br /><br />Light transmission and bond strength decreased from the cervical to the apical third. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brr2-inhibitor-c9.html Brr2 Inhibitor C9 inhibitor] Surface treatment impacted bond strength; light transmission through Whiteposts was slightly higher than light transmission through Superposts.<br /><br /> Understanding how maxillofacial prosthodontists are perceiving changes in head and neck care and the impact of advanced digital technologies on maxillofacial prosthodontics is important. However, no studies could be identified that specifically addressed these subjects.<br /><br /> The purpose of this review of selected literature was to identify issues that guided the development of maxillofacial prosthodontics and the concerns that persist. The review also considered contemporary influences that will affect the future of maxillofacial prosthodontics. The conclusions of the review were used to interpret the results of the exploratory survey reported in Part II.<br /><br /> The review of selected literature was related to the development of maxillofacial prosthodontics in North America between 1950 and 2018. Literature that was considered relevant to the purpose of the review was included.<br /><br /> The review yielded 37 references of interest 34 peer-reviewed publications, 1 guideline, 1 historical publication, and 1 website. Periods in the development of maxillofacial prosthodontics in North America were identified as formation, consolidation, and innovation.