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Two studies were employed to test the reliability and validity of the Swimming Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) among primary school children. Study 1 was a cross-sectional survey in 4959 primary school children. Study 2 was a pre-post-test quasi-experiment among 1609 primary school children who underwent a 20-lesson learn-to-swim programme. In Study 1, exploratory structural equation modelling revealed excellent goodness-of-fit and scale reliability for a two-factor model comprising distance and skill factors, which supported the construct and convergent validity. SCQ scores were significantly and positively correlated with swimming outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, intention, swimming frequency), which supported SCQ's concurrent and criterion validity. Average variance extracted for the SCQ factors exceeded cut-off criteria supporting discriminant validity. In Study 2, pre-test SCQ scores correlated significantly and positively with the SCQ scores, self-efficacy, intention, and swimming frequency at post-test, which supported SCQ's test-retest reliability and predictive validity. Positive intraclass correlation between SCQ scores and coach ratings at post-test provided evidence for SCQ's inter-rater reliability. SCQ scores significantly improved at post-test, which supported SCQ's ecological validity. In conclusion, findings indicate that the SCQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess primary school children's swimming competence, in terms of swimming distance and basic water survival skills.Background. Recovery of upper limb function post-stroke can be partly predicted by initial motor function, but the mechanisms underpinning these improvements have yet to be determined. Here, we sought to identify neural correlates of post-stroke recovery using longitudinal magnetoencephalography (MEG) assessments in subacute stroke survivors. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/motolimod-vtx-2337.html Motolimod manufacturer] Methods. First-ever, subcortical ischemic stroke survivors with unilateral mild to moderate hand paresis were evaluated at 3, 5, and 12 weeks after stroke using a finger-lifting task in the MEG. Cortical activity patterns in the β-band (16-30 Hz) were compared with matched healthy controls. Results. All stroke survivors (n=22; 17 males) had improvements in action research arm test (ARAT) and Fugl-Meyer upper extremity (FM-UE) scores between 3 and 12 weeks. At 3 weeks post-stroke the peak amplitudes of the movement-related ipsilesional β-band event-related desynchronization (β-ERD) and synchronization (β-ERS) in primary motor cortex (M1) were significantly lower than the healthy controls (p less then 0.001) and were correlated with both the FM-UE and ARAT scores (r=0.51-0.69, p less then 0.017). The decreased β-ERS peak amplitudes were observed both in paretic and non-paretic hand movement particularly at 3 weeks post-stroke, suggesting a generalized disinhibition status. The peak amplitudes of ipsilesional β-ERS at week 3 post-stroke correlated with the FM-UE score at 12 weeks (r=0.54, p=0.03) but no longer significant when controlling for the FM-UE score at 3 weeks post-stroke.Conclusions. Although early β-band activity does not independently predict outcome at 3 months after stroke, it mirrors functional changes, giving a potential insight into the mechanisms underpinning recovery of motor function in subacute stroke.Running-induced fatigue alters foot strike pattern. The purpose of this study was to assess plantar pressure and centre of pressure (CoP) trajectory alterations after a 30-minute run at sub-maximal speed in experienced long-distance runners. Plantar pressure data from 9 experienced heel-to-toe male runners was collected before and after a 30-minute run on a treadmill at a speed 5% above the respiratory compensation point (RCP) of each participant. Significant changes in the plantar-pressure map were found post-run, including increased impulses in the first metatarsal head (9.92%, p less then &nbsp;0.001) and hallux areas (16.19%, p less then &nbsp;0.001), and decreased impulses in the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads (4.95%, p less then &nbsp;0.05). The CoP curve showed a medial shift (p less then &nbsp;0.01). The plantar-pressure map and CoP trajectory were altered following a 30-minute exhausting run. These changes may indicate an increase in stress on joints and tissues when individuals are fatigued and may promote overload injuries.Zika virus is part of the flaviviruses that spread through the Aedes mosquito species and causes neurological infectious diseases. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is an essential enzyme that is involved in the replication of Zika virus. In this study, the newly isolated flavonoid analogs were docked against the NS1 protein. Most of the compounds showed strong interactions with favorable binding energies in the active site of NS1. One of the suitable docked ligand-protein complexes was simulated along with the apo form of the enzyme for 100 ns. The simulation results validated the docking data. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis comprising of root mean square deviation and fluctuation, the radius of gyration, hydrogen bonding, potential energy, principle component analysis, and MM/PBSA revealed about the stability of the apo and complex systems. These flavonoids analogs can inhibit the hexamerization of the NS1 which is necessary for the Zika virus replication.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.We performed a retrospective study to evaluate clinical effectiveness of vancomycin loading strategy and factors associated with achieving optimal Cmin. Patients administered vancomycin for ≥72 h from January to June 2018 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups loading (LD) and non-loading (NLD). LD was defined as initial vancomycin dose ≥20 mg/kg and ≥120% of maintenance dose. During study period, 70 and 71 received initial LD (24.2 ± 2.5 mg/kg) and NLD (17.3 ± 3.3 mg/kg) doses of vancomycin, respectively (p  less then  .001). Achievement of optimal Cmin was not different before administration of the third dose (24.4% in LD versus 18.2% in NLD, p = .484) and within 72 h (22.9% versus 28.2%, p = .759). Risk factors for failure to achieve optimal Cmin before administration of the third dose were higher creatinine clearance and higher level of serum albumin. Therefore, more sufficient loading or patient-specific dose strategies should be used to achieve optimal serum vancomycin Cmin.