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198) had priority over the other factors. Moreover, the effects of sub-factors such as modern information technology and technologies on the future of public hospitals in Iran were more significant compared to those of the other factors. Conclusion The present results showed that information technology and modern technology, as well as the economy, were the two main drivers of the future of public hospitals in Iran. Hospitals should identify and lay plans for the mechanisms through which the two factors affect hospitals, given their failure to control the upward trends of the factors.Background Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) is an imaging technique which is increasing focuses on imaging the chest instead of imaging the whole body. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the clinical efficacy and coste-ffectiveness of PEM technology, as compared with PET, as a diagnostic method used for breast cancer patients. Methods The present study was a Health Technology Assessment (HTA), which was conducted via a systematic review of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the methods based on domestic evidence. To evaluate the efficacy of the PEM diagnostic method, as compared with PET, we used efficacy indices, including Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, PPV, and NPV. The required data were collected through a meta-analysis of studies published in electronic databases from 1990 to 2016. In addition, direct costs in both methods were estimated and finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using the results of the study. Also, a one-way sensitivity analysis wCER was below the threshold). Conclusion The results showed that the use of PEM technology for the diagnosis of primary breast cancer is more cost-effective than PET technology; thus, due to the wide range of PET technology in different fields, it is recommended that this method should be used in other areas of priority.Background Infection of burn wounds is one of the most important problems in the world. Lactobacillus plantarum is known for burn wound healing because of the immunomodulatory and anti-microbial roles. This study was performed to compare the effects of L. plantarum and imipenem - alone and in combination - on infected burn wound healing. Methods Burn wounds were experimentally induced on 50 rats in three test groups (germ and supernatant of L. plantarum ) and two control groups (n=10 each) and were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During a 14-day period, wounds in all groups were daily treated topically. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer and LSD. A p-value of less then 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The mean size of the wound on day 14 after the treatment in the probiotic group was significantly lower than the control and the supernatant treated groups (p less then 0.05). The percentage of wound healing was significantly higher in the probiotic pellet treated group compared to the imipenem and the supernatant groups (by Anova test 69.58%, p=0.022). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly3023414.html Selleckchem LY3023414] The mean leukocyte count in the probiotic pellet group (12110) and supernatant group (13650) was significantly higher than the imipenem group (7670) (p=0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Wound cultures revealed that the percentage of cases where the pathogens had no growth was significantly different among the comparison groups. In all three test groups, P. aeruginosa was completely eliminated in comparison to the positive control group (p less then 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study showed that L. plantarum and its by-products promote wound healing and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to treat ulcer infections caused by resistant bacteria.Background Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) started as a primary registry in 2008. We examined the characteristics and scientometric measures of prospectively registered clinical trials in IRCT over time and compared them with that of ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods We selected eligible trial records between 2008 and 2016 from the IRCT database. We assessed their characteristics and the journal metrics of ensuing outputs over the study period and compared our findings with the corresponding information from ClinicalTrials.gov reported by Magdalena Zwierzyna et al. and a random sample of trials registered with this registry. We used the chi-square test for comparison of proportions and Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of medians. P-value less then 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.22. Results 1751 prospectively registered clinical trials were eligible for analysis, of which 1526 (87%) had parallel-group design, 1541 (88%) reptant despite an increase in the number of registrations in IRCT.The new coronavirus pandemic at the end of 2019 raised fear around the world. The rapid spread and relatively higher observed case fatality of this disease compared to other viral respiratory infections, have caused social reactions such as xenophobia and stigma. These negative social attitudes and acts will affect different segments of the society, such as patients and their families and health care providers. Also, this could disrupt the identification and surveillance of patients and could lead to considerable negative impacts on its control and management.<br /><br /> The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) systems for bacterial identification has rapidly become a front line tool for diagnostic laboratories, superseding classical microbiological methods that previously triggered the identification of higher risk pathogens. Unknown Risk Group 3 isolates have been misidentified as less pathogenic species due to spectral library availability, content and quality. Consequently, exposure to higher risk pathogens has been reported within Canadian laboratory staff following the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS. This overview aims to communicate the potential risk to laboratory staff of inaccurate identification of security-sensitive biological agents (SSBA) bacteria and to provide suggestions to mitigate.<br /><br /> Cultures were manipulated in a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory, prepared for MALDI-TOF MS analysis via full chemical extraction and analysed on a Bruker Microflex LT instrument. Data were analyzed with Biotyper software; comparing raw spectra against MS profiles in three libraries Bruker Taxonomy; Bruker Security-Restricted; and National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) SSBA libraries.