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Among the VFGs, papGII (93.3%), usp (86.7%), feoB, fyuA (80.0% each) and kpsMTII (73.3%) predominated. A significant correlation was found between the presence of papE (p = 0.02), usp (p = 0.025) and a relapse rate of more than 4. Leukocyturia is associated with the presence of VFG papE (p = 0.031) and papGII (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Enterobacteria isolated from urine of female patients with recurrent uLUTI at bacteriuria level of 102 CFU/ml have a wide spectrum of VFG, which may play a role in maintaining chronic lower urinary tract inflammation. V.OBJECTIVES Elizabethkingia spp. are, gram negative, glucose-non-fermenting bacilli that are ubiquitous in natural environment such as soil, plant and water sources. Besides environmental sources the bacterium can be found in hospital environments particularly from medical equipments and reagents. In this study we report the draft genome sequence of Elizabethkingia anophelis isolated from blood culture. METHODS Genomic DNA of Elizabethkingia anophelis strain BP8467 was sequenced using Ion Torrent PGM platform and the reads were assembled de novo using SPAdes v.5.0.0. The draft genome was annotated using Prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline (PGAP, v.4.9). The genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as well as virulence factors were identified using computational tools. RESULTS The assembled draft genome of 3,859,105 bp in length with 35.62% G + C content was distributed in 30 contig. The presence of blablaB, and blaGOB-4 associated with resistance to carbapenems were identified. Additionally genes conferring resistance to other β-lactams (blaCME-1), aminoglycoside (ant(6)-I) and chloramphenicol (catB) were also detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) showed the isolate was susceptible to levofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and rifampicin. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MDR phenotype harbouring diverse resistance genes, along with numerous virulence factors suggest the risk associated with Elizabethkingia sp infections. This genome analysis provides insights on the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity mechanisms of multidrug-resistant E. anophelis that can helps in the management of Elizabethkingia sp. infections in the future. Actinobacteria are historically and continued to be an important source for drug discovery. The annual epidemics and periodic pandemics of humans induced by influenza A virus (IAV) prompted us to develop new effective antiviral drugs with different modes of action. An actinobacterium of Streptomyces sp. SMU 03 was identified from the feces of Elephas maximus in Yunnan Province, China. By employing an H5N1 pseudo-typed virus drug screening system, the anti-IAV effect of the dichloromethane extracts (DCME) of this bacterium was investigated. DCME showed broad and potent activities against several influenza viruses, including the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes and influenza B virus, with IC50 values ranging from 0.37 ± 0.22 to 14.44 ± 0.79 μg/mL. A detailed modes-of-action study indicated that DCME might interact with the HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin (HA) of IAV by interrupting the fusion process between the viral and host cells' membranes thereby inhibiting the entry of the virus into host cells. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-IAV activity test of DCME showed that compared with the no-drug treated group, the survival rates, appearances, weights, lung indices and histopathological changes were all significantly alleviated. Based on these results, the chemical constituent study of DCME was then investigated, from which a number of antiviral compounds with various structural skeletons have been isolated and identified. Overall, these data indicated that the DCME from Streptomyces sp. SMU 03 might represent a good source for antiviral compounds that can be developed as potential antivirus remedies. V.Identification of potent natural products is a challenging task in which sophisticated separation processes including HPLC are employed. The bioactivity of HPLC fractions is determined with a bioassay, and the most potent compounds are progressed to structural elucidation. In pharmacology, the potency of a compound is expressed as the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), which refers to the concentration of a drug that induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum. While expressing the potency of a compound by its EC50 value makes sense in a clinical context, it is counterintuitive in the context of bioactivity-guided purification, as the potency of a compound is inversely related to its EC50 value, and the most potent compound is the one with the lowest EC50. In natural products chemistry, it would be more logical if an increase in potency would be reflected by an increase of a parameter reflecting the potency. In this study, we introduce the term "effective dilution volume (EDV50)" as the reciprocal of the EC50 (1/EC50). We show how the EDV50 can be used to identify potent compounds in chromatographic separations, allowing to easily graph and identify anti-inflammatory compounds. We show two examples of this approach by overlaying an HPLC chromatogram with the EDV50 to point out the most potent compounds. We hope that the EDV50 will make the illustration of active fractions containing potent compounds in a chromatogram obvious for the reader and will become a useful graphic tool in the natural products literature in the future. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pi4kiiibeta-in-10.html PI4K inhibitor] One novel polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid metabolite, laricinin A (1), two new meroterpenoids, tricycloalternarenes X and Y (2 and 3), one new coumarin, 3,4,7-trihydroxy-6-methylcoumarin (4), together with the known ethyl acetylorsellinate (5), diorcinol K (6), and tricycloalternarenes C and D (7 and 8) were obtained from culture of the fungus Botrysphaeria laricina isolated from the moss Rhodobryum umgiganteum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques including HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR measurements. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation and it was the first example of a novel group of PKS-NRPS hybrids possessing an unprecedented methyldihydropyran-isobutylpyrrolidinone skeleton. Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed significant quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. V.